Researchers using qualitative methods conduct , which is the time they spend interacting with participants through interviews, observations, and maintaining detailed records.
a. trials
b. focus groups
c. field work
d. experiments

C. Fieldwork.

Explanation:

Field work is categorized to be very important in both the social and natural sciences. Therefore it is defined as the process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, and natural environments.

Field work is conducted in the wild of our everyday surroundings rather than in the semi controlled environments of a lab or classroom. This allows researchers to collect data about the dynamic places, people, and species around them. Field work enables students and researchers to examine the way scientific theories interact with real life.