The difference between quantitative and qualitative research designs is that
a. quantitative research is exploratory and inductive, while qualitative research aims to reach conclusions by deduction and hypothesis testing.
b. quantitative designs use numbers to give meaning to a phenomenon or an event, and qualitative designs rely on words.
c. qualitative designs predict causality, while quantitative designs describe, predict, or explain phenomena.
d. quantitative designs use words to describe or give meaning to a phenomenon, and qualitative designs use numbers.

  b.

there are isolated pockets of farming, generally around rivers and oases, which are used for irrigation.

i am confused, what is the question? i can you out if you put it into more depth.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.