During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb’s attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to failure.

Encoding Failure

Explanation: When an individual has difficulty or unable to absorb or take information into memory, encoding failure could be said to have developed. When encoding failure develops, there will be no stored information in memory and as such recall will be impossible. Caleb's encoding failure could be attributed to his lack of concentration, as he had deviated his thought from the class and focused on his history project. His lack of focus hindered him from receiving the necessary information required for encoding and storage in memory.

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