"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right…Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." --Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787.

In the decade following the ratification of the Constitution, divisions emerged between Hamilton’s political party, the Federalists, and their rivals, the Democratic-Republicans, over all of the following issues EXCEPT the:

a) Relationship between state and national governments.
b) Relationships between religion and the federal government.
c) Federal government's degree of support for manufacturing and finance.
d) United States policy toward the French Revolution.