Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing

Cognitive Dissonance

Explanation:

Cognitive Dissonance is the psychological condition in which one faces situation in which there is contradiction to his moral beliefs and values. He has to take decision or action which challenges his ethical standards. The effort required by brain to align beliefs and actions leads to psychological stress.

In the problem Anna has strong belief in safety and rights of workers but she has to take decision which is in contrast to her belief in order to avoid losses to the company. Hence it shows case of cognitive dissonance.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

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