A researcher employs an IV X PV design to examine attitude towards cheating. She presents freshmen from a private university with a written account describing a male or female student who was accused of cheating on an exam. The same procedure is repeated for a sample of freshmen from a public university. After reading the account, the students were asked to assign an appropriate punishment. The PV in this design would be

a. the gender of the student accused of cheating
b. the university attended (private or public)
c. the class level of the participants (freshmen)
d. the punishment assigned

You think all professors are uncoordinated, but then you see your social psychology professor make a diving catch down the left-field line at an intramural softball game against the arts department team. you also notice that your professor hits lead-off for the team and is able to score from second base on a ground-out. you maintain your original stereotype of professors as uncoordinated by deciding that this one individual is an exception to the rule because he is a “young professor.” this is an example of

Speaker 1: now that we are independent, americans should create a government that mirrors the government of great britain. speaker 2: after experiencing a tyranny of great britain, americans know how important it is to limit the government's power. speaker 3: our victory in the revolutionary war prove that americans have wisdom to choose good leaders. speaker 4: as for former colonies, the american states are likely to thrive under a system of strong centralized government. which speaker would most likely support the government established by the articles of confederation? a. speaker 2 b. speaker 3 c. speaker 1 d. speaker 4

“obamacare”: included a provision for government-run health insurance called “the public option.” was bitterly opposed by congressional republicans because most favored a “single-payer” plan. survived two challenges to its constitutionality. was partially repealed in 2013 in order to avert a government shutdown. led to the expansion of medicaid in republican controlled states.