As a result of being paired with a loud noise, a flashing light has come to elicit a startle reflex. When the flashing light is repeatedly presented without the loud noise, the startle reflex eventually stops occurring. This process in which a conditioned stimulus is no longer able to elicit a conditioned response is referred to as:
respondent extinction

respondent extinction  

Explanation:

Respondent extinction: In psychology, the term "respondent extinction" is also written as simply extinction, and is described as a process in which a specific behavior is being terminated that has been conditioned earlier in an organism including animal and human beings via "behavioral conditioning processes". Extinction occurs when reinforcement to a specific behavior is being discontinued.

In the question above, the given statement signifies the "respondent behavior".

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; generalizability;