All of the following are reasons for the government to provide a public good or service EXCEPT:

a.
The good or service should be made available to everyone.

b.
When the number of consumers increases, so does the cost to a private provider.

c.
It is extremely difficult to exclude non-payers from using public goods and services.

d.
It would be impractical to make consumers pay individually.

I would say C

Explanation:

1) you want to include everyone in a public good/service however if you are planning to exclude non payers then that is not public anymore as public is open to everyone, regardless of ability to pay.

Hope this helps!

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.