According to research conducted by Gollwitzer, Heckhausen, and Steller (1990), individuals show a "cognitive tuning" toward information expressing the pros and cons of one goal versus rival goals. This process represents a mindset.

Explanation:

The cognitive orientation in which the people select and evaluate a a goal from other options or goals that could be pursued at a given point in time is called Deliberative mindset.

Implemental mindset is its opposite. Ex. When you decide if you would stay with your current job or appear for interviews for senior level jobs is a celibetative mindset.

The desire to be unbiased is stronger when people are in deliberative mindset and people weight pros and cons of the various options available to them. But it can decrease the positive illusions that we  have about our-self.

male citizens in athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries. however, democracy was not open to everyone. citizen women and children were not allowed to vote. slaves and foreigners living in athens (known as metics) were banned from participating in government.