While facilitating a brainstorming session, Raul noticed periods of confusion and silence during which participants seemed unable to process the many ideas being floated. The efficiency of Raul's decision-making process was thereby limited due to the effects of .

Production Blocking

Explanation: Production blocking is the likelihood of someone blocking off others from sharing their own ideas in a group discussion while presenting his own ideas. This situation can make others in the group distracted and confused are they are less involved in the discussion and contributes little or no idea. The effects of production blocking limited Raul's decision making process as other participants are less involved, distracted and confused.

answer; validity;

answer; conflict perspective;