In regard to quantitative research proposals, novice researchers often find it very challenging and tedious to explain in detail how the data will be analyzed and interpreted in their study. Explain why it is essential that the researcher not cut corners in this section of the proposal.

|t is important not to skip this section of the proposal because without a thorough explanation of the nature of the study, the variables that will be used, the mathematical method that will be used, and the way the results will be interpreted, the people who are reading the proposal may simply not understand the study at all, and discard it not because of lack of relevance, but because of lack of comprehension.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.