Islamic dynasty that ruled India from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries; the construction of the Taj Mahal is representative of their splendor; with the exception of the enlightened reign of Akbar, the increasing conflict between Hindus and Muslims was another of their legacies.

All the statements are referring to the Mughal Dynasty.

Explanation:

The Great Mughal Empire was the most extensive empire that ruled most of India and parts of Afghanistan and Persia between 1526 and 1857. The kingdom was founded by the Timur ruler Babur in 1526 when he defeated Ibrahim Lod, the last ruler of the Sultanate of Delhi. The word mogul means Mongolian; the Mughals considered themselves descendants of the Mongols, both through the paternal ancestor of the family, Timur Lenk, and the mother of Babur. The Mughals were Islamic, but the majority of the population was Hindu.  

The base area of the kingdom had been conquered by another Mughal ruler, Humayun, but under Akbar it was still growing considerably. Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan built the famous Taj Mahal in Agra between 1630 and 1653.

After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the kingdom began to decline and made room for the Hindu Marathi kingdom. The Mughals still had some power for another 150 years, until the British finally disintegrated after the Sepoys rebellion in 1857.

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