Research on abuse and corruption complains finds that:
a) these activities are disproportionally engaged in by a small number of officers.
b) these are widespread problems.
c) these problems are more prevalent now than ever in the past.
d) these issues are particularly a problem in the northeast.

A) These activities are disproportionally engaged by small number of officers

Explanation:

A misconduct in which the law enforcement officers break their political contract and start abusing the power granted to them for personal gain is called police corruption, it can involve a one police personal of group of officers.

Police corruption is a challenge for human rights and challenge to public trust and cohesion of departmental policies. Corruption can also become bribery. Police officers are generally involved in soliciting,  soliciting means accepting bribes for not reporting illegal activities. Bribes can also be accepted for granting access to  law enforcement databases and property.