Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has .

high self-efficacy

Explanation: The self-efficacy concept which was proposed by Albert Bandura simply measures or examines how an individual's belief in his capability to perform or executive certain behavioral conduct in other to achieve or attain a certain level of performance or deal with a prospective situation.

In the scenario above, Tammy's view of challenges shows she has high self-efficacy. By viewing challenges as task to be mastered, developing a deep interest in and a strong commitment and quickly recovering from failure.

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.