A baseball manager who clings to old strategies that are ineffective, a lawyer who selects juries according to false stereotypes, and a political leader who does not withdraw support for a failing program are all exhibiting:.a) belief perseverance. b) confirmatory hypothesis testing. c) the fundamental attribution error. d) need for closure.

a) belief perseverance

Explanation:

Belief perseverance is defined as being attached and believing on same belief even though there is contradictory information present for dis- conforming that belief.

According to the question, jury selection based incorrect stereotype,old and ineffective methods used by baseball manger and non-withdrawing nature shown by politician even after failing is depicting belief preservance.

Other options are incorrect because fundamental attribution error, need for closure and confirmatory hypothesis testing.Thus, the correct option is option(a).

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answer; an active listener;