. The United States Congress and the President together have the power to enact federal law. Federal bureaucratic
agencies have the responsibility to execute federal law. However, in the carrying out of these laws, federal agencies
have policy-making discretion.
(a) Explain two reasons why Congress gives federal agencies policy-making discretion in executing federal law.
(b) Choose one of the bureaucratic agencies listed below. Identify the policy area over which it exercises policymaking discretion AND give one specific example of how it exercises that discretion.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
• Federal Reserve Board
(c) Describe two ways in which Congress ensures that federal agencies follow legislative intent.

“dear sir: it is with great reluctance, i trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than i have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. i mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. it is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. for some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. a part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe.” what’s the central idea?

He constitution dictates that the presiding officer of the senate is the a) majority whip. b) vice-president. c) majority leader. d) speaker of the house.

Which type of learning occurs when you observe how other people act?