Krista just found out that she failed her English class. Her friends are worried about her because Krista is treating the failure like the death of a loved one. Sigmund Freud would consider this an example of loss.

Symbolic loss  

Explanation:

The psycho-dynamic theory was [proposed by Sigmund Freud. He defined that many time depressions caused due to some biological reasons. Freud discusses depression that was related to the parent's negligence or rejection. Depressive people think that they are worthless. When a person lost his hope he will start to lose self-esteem, self-confidence. They start to neglect their child. They don't love them and give them proper time.  

Thus in the above statement, Krista found that she failed her English class. Her friend was worried about her because she was dealing with failure like death someone. This is the example of a symbolic loss.

well it depends i think people around the world are coming around to gay marriage. but if you are talking abortion then wow, so much to talk about. such as men thinking they have the right to choose if women can, the fact there are health concerns if the women can't get one, and many more arguments to discuss. so i would definitely say abortion would be a much more interesting topic.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.