Three-year-old Micah thinks his father turned into a monster when he put on a clown mask. Micah's inability to grasp that a person's core self stays the same despite changes in appearance shows he is too young to understand:

Identity Constancy

Explanation:

According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, identity constancy is the pre-operational  inability of a child to grasp the fact that a persons core self remains the same regardless of changes in the physical appearance.

This is the case displayed in the above question. Micah is unable to grasp the fact that his father is still the same man he was, regardless of the fact that he put on a clown mask.

Identity constancy

Explanation:

Identity constancy

The preoperational child's inability to grasp that a person's core self stays the same despite changes in external appearance.

Micah's inability to grasp that a person's core self stays the same despite changes in appearance shows he is too young to understand identity constancy because when his dad put on the clown mask Micah thought his father had turned into a monster.

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explanation:

may i ask what challenges?