When Ibrahim was 6 years old, he was terrified by the family's parrot, which flew at him and bit him on the nose. Since then, he's been afraid of all birds. Ibrahim's bird phobia illustrates the classical conditioning process of:

generalization    

Explanation:

Generalization: In psychology, the term "generalization" is defined as the propensity of an organism (animals, human beings) to respond towards distinct yet similar stimuli in the same manner.

Example: As given in the question above, the boy gets scared of any other birds because of his experience towards a parrot that bit him on the nose earlier.

In the question above, the given statement signifies the "generalization process".

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answer; the smaller of the two reciprocal products of translocated chromosomes is lost; after several cell divisions, only the larger of the two translocated chromosomes remains,its reciprocal is lost;