In recent decades, sociologists have come to reject a monolithic view of culture and recognize that culture provides a 'tool kit' through which people negotiate social encounters in many different ways and for many different reasons. This shift in focus has been referred to as:

The cultural turn

Explanation:

The term 'cultural turn' is used to denote to the movement that was started in the 1970s in which the geographers to bring culture to focus in contemporary debates. The term cultural turn has been, in recent decades, defined as a trend that focuses on culture in humanities and social sciences. In simple words, cultural turn can be defined as a move to bring culture as a focus of debate. This shift in focus of sociologists is referred to as social turn.

So, the correct answer is a social turn.

the first question's answer is a.