An otherwise healthy but alcohol dependent adult patient exhibits abnormalities of brain electrophysiology. Suppose that brain electrophysiology was not measured before this patient began his drinking career. This situation illustrates a case in which causal inference is not possible because the condition of has not been established.

temporal order

Explanation:

Temporal order is the arrangement of events in time

Temporal order

Explanation:

An otherwise healthy but alcohol dependent adult patient exhibits abnormalities of brain electrophysiology. Suppose that brain electrophysiology was not measured before this patient began his drinking career. This situation illustrates a case in which causal inference is not possible because the condition of temporal order has not been established.

Temporal order means an arrangement of events in time. Before the patient begain his drinking career the brain electrophysiology was not measured so it is not possible to draw a any inference or conclusion over the case due to the fact that it was not established before now.

it should be d or b but i'm sure it's d