How did James Madison imagine that a federal republic with a strong central government might work, especially one that governed such a vast land area as that of the United States?

He believed that interests and factions will cancel each other

Explanation:

James madison believed that interests and divisions will cancel each other and virtous leaders will govern the people.

this statement is true.

forests are public goods, available for everybody. when usage of such a good becomes interesting for consumers and its usage increases, there can be a risk of overexploitation. it is a non rival good therefore, if one person consumes the good it does not reduce the availability for subsequent consumers.

these caracteristics require the establishment of measures in order to prevent the destruction of a commonly owned space, for example, to restrict the amount of people that have access to the same time.