Changes to fast-food restaurants (which now generally display the caloric content of items on the menu) would be considered a(n) influence, whereas a parent who lets the child decide to select an extra-large helping of cheese would be considered a influence.

Distal, proximal

Explanation:

Changes to fast-food restaurants (which now generally display the caloric content of items on the menu) would be considered a distal influence, whereas a parent who lets the child decide to select an extra-large helping of cheese would be considered a proximal influence.  Distal influences are environmental influences that are not present in the child's immediate environment while proximal influences are those present in the child's immediate environment.

the answer might be either a or c. can't be too sure , because i searched the web, but no valid answers came through.

i believe the answer is:   psychological  experiment

in this experiment, wilhelm wundt became the first person that implement scientific method in analyzing the pyschological phenomenon.

due to this result, wilhelm wundt also able to make psychology to be acknowledged as a separate scientific field from biology.