Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. they assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. in this study, is the independent variable and is the control group.

a. active play;
b. passive play food choice;
c. no play no play;
d. type of play type of play;
e. no play