Ben is a sociologist applying the scientific method to the social world. even though his methods are more modern, as a sociologist he knows that studying the social world in this way originated with

Auguste Xavier Comte

Explanation:

Auguste Xavier Comte(19 January 1798-5 September 1857) a French philospher was the first philosopher in the academic discipline of sociology.

work yay..other than that pretty good actually it hot though (≧▽≦)

hello,

your answer is ready

i believe its either the first or third option but i'm leaning more towards the third option:

the first excerpt makes a logical appeal, while the second excerpt makes an emotional appeal.

your pal

~papaguy