Political scientists who use this methodological approach use mathematical or statistical models to
explain different kinds of political and social behavior, without a strong commitment to values.

The answer is "Behavioralism."

Explanation:

"Behaviorialism" (in Political Science) is a methodological approach that prospered in the 1950s.

Behavioralists were consistent in directing the political world towards a more scientific direction. In order to explain the political and social behavior of people, the scientists used mathematical or statistical models, such as data or other quantitative descriptions. It disregarded intuition and other non-quantitative means, such as philosophy.

Statistical relationships were considered in evaluating the variables (independent and dependent). For example, a behavioralist may say that people in the city prefer to eat fast food, while people in the rural area prefer to eat home-cooked dishes according to a detailed data that they have gathered (and not according to intuition or ideologies).

a punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity. enforcement of norms or shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations. social control. not everyone internalizes all of society's norms, and some people must be motivated by self-fulfillment.

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