In merit systems, appointed judges rarely lose retention elections because?

The appointed judge does not run against an opponent.                                

Explanation:

         A retention election is a type of election or voting process for the judges in practice. It is also known as judicial retention. It is a process which takes place at regular intervals where a judge in practice is subjected to a referendum whereby the voters are asked to vote whether the judge should continue for a second term or should be removed form the office.

         In such processes, the judges loses very rarely because in this election process, the incumbent judge does have any opponent to contest against. It is the will of voters to decide whether a judge will continue the office or not.

there are indirect ways of affecting state laws   by with holding funding's. and that's why we have a 55mph speed on the high way with a design of 70mph speed.