Maslow's hierarchical model

has been validated by a number of studies

has been invalidated by intuitive means

has never been validated by studies

has been validated by empirical studies

The answer is- Has never been validated by studies

Explanation:

Maslow's theory is one of the five theories of motivation. According to this theory we have five categories of needs which are; physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. In his theory, higher needs in the hierarchy begin to emerge when people feel they have sufficiently satisfied the previous need. It is a hierarchy because needs are satisfied sequentially.

However, Maslow's theory was based on his own personal observations and his biographical analysis of individuals he considered to be "self-actualized". The theory was not based on any credible empirical research and has never been tested adequately as a complete theory. Research data does not validate this theory.

the answer is : the nut cases won't quit battling and their recurrence of flights will going to continue as before despite the fact that the battles are less hazardous now because of their bills have all of a sudden been blunted.   in the falcon dove diversion, two creatures will drive towards one another to crush one another, among the two one will win and other will swerve. in this way, clearly, the battle will be dependably there between two creatures for the assets or mate.