Callie does poorly on an exam in one class but does very well on an exam in another class. she attributes her poor performance on the first exam to the fact that the professor is not a very good instructor. in contrast, she attributes her good performance on the second exam to the fact that she is a good student. this is most likely an example

The self-serving bias.

Explanation:

The self-serving bias, as its name suggests, is a cognitive process in which the individual distorts the reality maintain their self-esteem, just as Callie does in the example. It usually works as the belief in which individuals tend to ascribe success to their own skills, knowledge, efforts, abilities, etc, but fail to ascribe success due to external factors, and viceversa.

answer; by working independently, the states have a high likelihood of developing innovative solutions that can be employed in other states;

answer; individualist culture;