Anew mutation that arose in one copy of gene x in a somatic cell resulted in the formation of a tumor. which of the following pieces of evidence best describes how the new mutation directly caused the tumor?

The correct option is Protein X normally stimulates cell division and the mutation created an overactive version of protein X.

Explanation:

Mutation can be described as any change which occurs in the genome of a person. The alternation by mutation might cause dreadful situations for a person or it might turn out to be beneficial.

In the scenario discussed in the question, it might be that the gene X in which the mutation arises produced protein which stimulates cell division. The mutation might have caused the protein X to change and become an overactive version. Hence, cell might uncontrollably produce Protein X causing cancer.  

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.

united states government;