Bryson was three when his neighbor's house burned down. he heard the loud sirens and saw the fire and trembled with fear. now he's starting preschool. he hears the loud bell ring and associates it with the fire and fire trucks and begins to tremble. in this setting, the sound of the bell is:

a conditioned stimulus

Explanation:

Ivan Pavlov was a great psychologist who has discovered the theory of classical conditioning while experimenting with dogs and has given a few important terms in the theory including conditioned and unconditioned stimulus and response.

Conditioned stimulus: According to Pavlov's experiment on classical conditioning, the term conditioned stimulus is defined as a formerly neutral stimulus after getting connected with an unconditioned stimulus gives rise to a conditioned response.

In the question above, the statement signifies that the sound of the bell is a conditioned stimulus.

freeborn women in ancient rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office. because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by roman historians. but while roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations. exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from lucretia and claudia quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance; fierce republican-era women such as cornelia, mother of the gracchi, and fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image; women of the julio-claudian dynasty, most prominently livia (58 bc-ad 29), who contributed to the formation of imperial mores; and the empress helena (c.250–330 ad), a driving force in promoting christianity.

women in the ancient greek world had few rights in comparison to male citizens. unable to vote, own land, or inherit, a woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was the rearing of children. this, though, is a general description, and when considering the role of women in ancient greece one should remember that information regarding specific city-states is often lacking, is almost always from male authors, and only in athens can their status and role be described in any great detail. neither are we sure of the practical and everyday application of the rules and laws that have survived from antiquity. we do know that spartan women were treated somewhat differently than in other states. for example, they had to do physical training like men, were permitted to own land, and could drink wine.