Mr. hughes heard what sounded like cries for from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. he continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide if it was needed. his reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in:

a) the fundamental attribution error.
b) group polarization.
c) the bystander effect.
d) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
e) the mere exposure effect.

C) the bystander effect.                

Explanation:

Bystander effect: In psychology, the term bystander effect refers to the process in which an individual's tendency to help the other person in need is being inhibited due to the presence of the other person who can help.

A bystander is less likely to help a person in an emergency condition in the presence of another person as compared to the situation where the bystander is alone.

In the question above, Mr Hughes's reaction best illustrates the dynamic involved in the bystander effect.

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