Second step in the strategic-management process is a(n) where managers look at where the organization stands, and then determine what is working and what could be different to maximize efficiency and effectiveness in achieving the organization's mission

An organizational assessment.

Explanation:

This is a systematic process in which manager tries to find the valid information about the performance of an organization and its leading factors that caused this performance. The primary unit of analysis in this case is the organization.

For an organization to be successful and to better see what can be improved, this assessment is more than needed because every organization tries to survive, adapt and influence the forever-changing business climate.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.