Which of the following demonstrates the concept of diaspora?
a) the hierarchy of the british crown
b) slaves taken from africa and brought to america in the 1800s
c) the belief that westernized culture is superior to that of other cultures
d) the no child left behind act associated with the u. s. education system

   B) Slaves taken from Africa and brought to America in the 1800's

Explanation:  Originally, the definition of a diaspora would be the displacement of a people outside their homeland, for whatever reason, often for fear of their lives, then for economic or political or other reasons. In doing so, the displaced peoples tend to live in close communion with their compatriots and try to maintain their national and cultural identity. Such a diaspora known throughout history is Jewish, meaning that the term diaspora can also represent a nation that is scattered all over the world and members of the people live in many places, not just in one place.

Today, the diaspora can also mean refugees due to the aforementioned wars and fear for their own lives, when the whole part of a nation seeking emigration.

Of the options offered, option B fits into the aforementioned definition of diaspora. The people of Africa who were taken to America as slaves, form one national corps with their identity and heritage and as such make the diaspora in these and such conditions.

you probably know the answer. stop asking stupid questions and making me waste my time. j.k. ; )   b.t.w. what are three ratios equivalent to 5 : 11? thx

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.