In phase 1 of a choice experiment involving concurrent vi schedules, a human subject receives 25% of his reinforcers by making a left response. in phase 2, he receives 75% of his reinforcers by making a left response. the subject’s percentage of left responses is actually 25% in phase 1, and 75% in phase 2. this performance is an example

overmatching        

Explanation:

Overmatching: The term overmatching refers to the process of an unnecessary matching or participants in a case-control or cohort study. During the research, to enhance or increase the stratified analysis of an observational method of research then an experimenter should choose or match controls & cases or unexposed & exposed participants based on the characteristics of interest.

In the question above, the given statement signifies an example of overmatching.

answer; (b) ; /stronger bonds between the nations of africa

every society, in order to meet the needs of it's people, has to answer three basic questions:

- what should we produce?

- how should we produce it?

- for whom should we produce it?

this questions must be answered in order to, option b, aid in production decisions.

every country can't produce everything, no matter how rich their land is. it may be a matter of technology, resources or geographical conditions. so, these three questions must be resolved in order to get the most of the production of each land.

hope this !