Kalim wants to study the effectiveness of a new teaching method. he includes two teachers of a class in the experiment. one teacher uses the new method of teaching, and the other teacher uses the old method. at the end of the semester, he finds that students who were taught in the new way had higher grades than students taught in the old way. what is the confounding variable?

The answer is the two teachers.

Explanation:

In this example, it's possible that the students had higher grades because of different factors, most likely the other teacher's personality. If the experiment was to be truly effective and valid, Kalim should have used the same teacher for both methods. This is an important factor for ensuring research validity.  

the answer is tom watson. tom watson created this epitaph because he wanted to increase the sympathy felt by people towards the murder of mary phagan.

the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most seniority. in the south carolina senate, the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most committee seniority.