2. imagine three 2l metal bottles. one of the containers is completely full of oxygen
gas, one is half-full, and one is completely empty. all three containers look the same.
design an experiment to determine which container is full of gas, which is half-full,
and which is empty.

In e. c. tolman's experiment, some rats were trained to run through mazes for standard food goals, while other rats were allowed to explore the mazes for 10 days without food goals or other rewards. later, when food rewards were placed in a box at the far end of the maze, the previously unrewarded rats reached the food box as quickly as the rewarded rats after only one or two trials. this experiment demonstrated that the rats had the ability to form of their surroundings.

The occurs when someone offers an unnecessary reward beforehand in an obvious effort to control behavior.

Me 10 ! who would most approve of the us economic system and why? adam smith john maynard keynes karl marx