According to drive-reduction theory, a refers to a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.

According to drive-reduction theory, a "NEED" refers to a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.

Explanation:

The drive reduction theory states that organisms are born with certain biological needs (such as hunger, and thirst). These "needs" sometimes trigger a state of arousal known as "drive".

It is the drive that motivates the organism to act externally, in a certain way.

When these needs are not met, a state of negative tension is created, however, satisfying these needs returns the organism to a relaxed state.

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the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.