1.prior to the work of lyell and darwin, the prevailing belief was that earth is .millions of years old, and populations rapidly change a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change millions of years old, and populations are unchanging a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.

a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.

Explanation:

Traditionally it was believed that the Earth is created somewhere between ten thousand to six thousand years ago by a Godly act. It was called young-earth creationism as the belief held that earth is created in its present form by a deity.

The age of scientific development and enlightenment break from these traditional views and looked for rational reason. Darwin was inspired by the writing of Charles Lyell like "Principle of Geology" which stated that Earth is created millions of years ago, how it is formed and its changing character.

the answer is a. monarch

d

explanation:

it establishes america’s basic laws and fundamentals to its citizens.