In a set of studies, ivan pavlov first touched a dog lightly on the side of its body and a few seconds later placed vinegar on the dog’s tongue. the vinegar made the dog salivate. after several pairings of touch and vinegar, the dog began to salivate as soon as it was touched and before it was given the vinegar. in these studies which of the following was the conditioned stimulus?
a) touch to the body
b) vinegar to the tongue
c) salivation to the vinegar
d) salivation to the touch
e) time interval between touch and vinegar

Which statement reflects a citizens need to increase his civic particpation

Which features are created on the exterior of a volcano when it erupts? check all that apply. vent crater hot spot lava flow boundary

Highlight ideas in this passage that show why the anti-federalists objected to the constitution. if it were possible to consolidate the states, and preserve the features of a free government . . [w]ealth, offices, and the benefits of government would collect in the center: and the extreme states . . become much less important. . i still believe a complete federal bill of rights to be very practicable. which reasons below explain why the anti-federalists objected to the constitution? check all that apply power would be too centralized. a bill of rights was included. states would become less powerful. a bill of rights was not included. states would become more powerful.