It is likely that participants in stanley milgram’s obedience experiments (conducted in the 1960s and 1970s) were willing to administer increasingly severe shocks to a confederate learner because when confronted with a confusing, unfamiliar, and upsetting situation, they would turn to the experimenter for cues as to how to proceed. this speculation in essence identifies as a source of participants’ destructive obedience

the fourth amendment protects:

"the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."  

so this would mean the denial to search and seizure without warrant or permission.

answer; rational if melanie values sleep more highly than the benefits she expects to receive from attending the class;

answer; becoming friends with her roommate and joining the debate team; sarah's making friends with her roommate and joining the debate team are examples of relational needs