Four-year-old sam is asked if it's acceptable to take another child's toy. sam replies, "no, because mom will get mad." by focusing only on the threat of punishment and not on the other child's rights or general rules about playing with others, sam shows that he is in kohlberg's stage of moral development.

Sam is currently on the obedience and punishment stage of moral development, which is the first stage in the first level (Preconventional).

Explanation:

The preconventional level centers on the idea that a child's morality is externally driven, which means that his/her moral behavior is influenced by an external stimulus and not from his/her own thinking.

The first stage in this level is known as obedience and punishment and it occurs when the child obeys rules in order to avoid punishment, not because he/she believes in these rules.

In this case, Sam is not lending the toy because he thinks his mother will get mad and he will be punished, thus he opts to obey the idea he has of his mother in order to avoid a punishment he believes he will get.

the first question's answer is a.