1. actions practiced by individuals that engage in civic and public life. 2. number of branches identified in u. s. constitution. 3. what branch interprets the law ? 4. what two european political philosophers influenced the declaration of independence? 5. total number of u. s. constitutional amendments.6. why did the framers of u. s constitution create the electoral college to elect presidents? 7. minimum percentage of states required to ratify a constitutional amendment 8. what amendment banned slavery? 9. what does due process mean? 10. what amendment allows for selective incorporation? 11. what does habeas corpus create? 12. the 1964 civil rights acts prohibit business from discriminating in hiring decisions based on what characteristics 13. what u. s. supreme court case barred state laws prohibiting interracial marriage? 14. women were granted the right to vote nationally in what year? 15. plessy v. ferguson 16. brown v. board of education of topeka

1. Individual volunteerism, organizational involvement, electoral participation, voting, fundraising

2. 3

3. Judicial

4. Rousseau and Locke

5. 27

6. They believed that the Electoral College would provide a way to balance the potential negatives of direct democracy and the tyranny of the majority. It was also a compromise between those who wanted the president to be elected by direct democracy and those who wanted legislatures to do so.

7. 75%

8. 13th

9. Due process is meant to be a protection against the government's arbitrary decisions. It is meant to provide a way in which citizens could protect themselves from the government's abuse of power.

10. 14th

11. It is a protection that prevents the government from holding a person indefinitely. This protection tries to prevent the abuses of power of the executive branch.

12. Race, sex, pregnancy, religion, national origin, disability, age, military service, bankruptcy, genetics, or citizenship status.

13. Loving v. Virginia

14. 1920

15. States are allowed to enforce segregation as long as the facilities provided to both groups are of equal quality.

16. This case established that the doctrine of "separate but equal" was unconstitutional when it came to educational facilities.

Explanation:

These are all questions that are related to the way American citizens interact with their government. Learning about this subject can enable us not only to understand ways in which we can become more active citizens, but it also allows us to understand why it is that government operates in the way that it does. Moreover, having a deep understanding about the Constitution, such as how it was created and how it has been modified in the past will allow us to better know our laws and abide by them.

among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. the friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. he will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on any plan which, without violating the principles to which he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. the instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public councils, have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished; as they continue to be the favorite and fruitful topics from which the adversaries to liberty derive their most specious declamations. the valuable improvements made by the american constitutions on the popular models, both ancient and modern, cannot certainly be too much admired; but it would be an unwarrantable partiality, to contend that they have as effectually obviated the danger on this side, as was wished and expected. complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority. however anxiously we may wish that these complaints had no foundation, the evidence, of known facts will not permit us to deny that they are in some degree true. it will be found, indeed, on a candid review of our situation, that some of the distresses under which we labor have been erroneously charged on the operation of our governments; but it will be found, at the same time, that other causes will not alone account for many of our heaviest misfortunes; and, particularly, for that prevailing and increasing distrust of public engagements, and alarm for private rights, which are echoed from one end of the continent to the other. these must be chiefly, if not wholly, effects of the unsteadiness and injustice with which a factious spirit has tainted our public administrations.

explanation: the latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society. a zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to co-operate for their common good. so strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities, that where no substantial occasion presents itself, the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and excite their most violent conflicts. but the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. a landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, with many lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes, actuated by different sentiments and views. the regulation of these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation, and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the governmen