After william's boss asked him to compile sales figures for the past three years, william pulled together the information and turned it over to his boss. after several days of not getting any feedback from his boss, william worried that he hadn't done a good job in presenting the information. william is demonstrating

answer; when one group has an extremely high score at pretest;

the values of the selma marchers was to bring   their ability to vote into law. mlk was not hat march, which was protesting toward lbj

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.