Before august 1945, military leaders in japan
o repeatedly asked the allies for terms of surrender.
o refused allied requests for their surrender.
o mounted a final offensive against allied troops.
o were unaware that the allies had defeated germany

Refused allied requests for their surrender

The answer to that would be prussia which would later be germany

Iam a german monk and professor of theology. i believe that the catholic church's practice of buying forgiveness of sins through indulgences is wrong. i have translated the bible into german to make it easier for more people to be able to study it. i am here to stand by my writings and i refuse your demand that i recant them