Which group would perform worst on a memory test? a) participants engaged in deep processing without previous warning of a memory test b) participants engaged in shallow processing without previous warning of a memory test c) participants engage in medium processing with previous warning of a memory test d) participants engaged in deep processing with previous warning of a memory test

b) Participants engaged in shallow processing without previous warning of a memory test.

Explanation:

First of all it is important that the group has a warning that there will be a memory test in order to perform better. So this will leave out options c) and d)

Second of all, it is important that the participants are engaged in deep processing which involves a deeper analysis of the situation, therefore, to perform well, people would need a deep processing.

Therefore, the group that would perform worst would be b) Participants engaged in shallow processing without previous warning of a memory test

the correct answer is individualism and exchange. at this stage, children begin to question the rules, because they can see that there is more than one side to them. different individuals have different viewpoints. they won't be able to reach this stage because of ignorance, a lack of ethics or personal biases. that is because people with that characteristiscs are not able to distinguish what is good or what is bad and they can't pursue their individual interests.