Scholars have argued that immigrant groups like the irish and italians were initially considered a race apart from native-born anglo-saxon white americans. however, over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, irish and italian immigrants managed to become part of dominant white culture. this historical context reveals how different cultures are absorbed into a single mainstream culture, a process also known as

Assimilation

Explanation: Assimilation is the technique through which minority culture persisting groups are grouped togather to form a dominant cluster . It converts various minority culture in a single unit of mainstream culture .By making a dominant cultural group their values, beliefs ,etc are considered for functioning.

The case mentioned in the question also describe about the cultural assimilation as the merging of different culture into one major culture group to become dominant.

they encountered severe weather for which they were poorly prepared.

this is not a question