During lecture, psy 1001 students saw an experiment in which participants were told either that they would experience intense and painful shocks or mild shocks that were not painful. then, while waiting for the shock treatment, participants answered survey questions on whether they would like to spend time waiting alone or with another person. in this study, the questionnaire that students completed served one:
a. as the independent variable.
b. as the dependent variable.
c. to randomly assign participants to groups.
d. as experimental control.

b. as the dependent variable.  

Explanation:

Dependent variable: It is defined as the variable that is being tested and measured in the scientific experiment. The experimenter or the researcher focuses on the fact that if they change the independent variable in an experiment, then how does it leads to change in the dependent variable.

Fundamentally, the experimenter or the researcher controls or changes the independent variable to see the undeviating effect on the dependent variable.

The dependent variable is always dependent on the independent variable in an experiment.

Example: The researcher is interested in how anxiety affects heart rate in humans.