In the levels of processing model of memory, information that gets processed at a (such as accessing the meaning of a word or phrase) is more likely to be retained longer and form a stronger memory than information that is processed at a level (such as the visual characteristics of a word).
a) deeper; shallower
b) shallower; deeper
c) higher; lower
d) lower; higher

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy