The fact that audiences are egocentric means that
a. listeners believe their cultural group is superior to all other groups.
b. listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them.
c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b only.

Which of the following statements describes the nature of "stigma" as it relates to welfare? a) society values individual characteristics such as self-reliance and a willingness to work hard, welfare recipients are seen as dependent and lazy. b) social welfare hs been polarized as a "moral category", and its related policy includes treating the poor in a dignified manner, as to highlight the responsible nature of the welfare recipents. c) the norm of reciprocity explains the societal obligation to make some return for the things received, welfare recipents are stigmatized because they are able to be seen as making appropiate contributions for the benefits they incur. d) the capitalistic nature of u.s. society stresses that those who work hard and have the ability will be rewarded with success, welfare recipients are equal to those who do not receive welfare because both groups of people deserve the benefits of success.

Gettysburg address question. what is the purpose of this address?

The persians landed in the plains near athens. as their army greatly outnumbered that of the greeks, the greeks hoped to find aid from nearby sparta. a long-distance runner named pheidippides was sent from athens to sparta to request , but the spartans were not able to send more soldiers at the time. regardless, the greeks were still able to win the battle. centuries later, legend developed that a runner had been sent from the battle to athens after the greek victory. after reaching athens, the runner proclaimed, "we are victorious! " and then fell to the ground and died. this legendary story is the inspiration for the modern long-distance runs that are performed today. this passage refers to the events of which battle during the persian wars? a. battle of thermopylae b. battle of salamis c. battle of plataea d. battle of marathon